Drugs and Blood Coagulation (excluding antiplatelet drugs)

• Warfarin (Coumadin; generics), P.O., I.V.
• Heparin (generics) I.V., S.C.
• Bishydroxycoumarin (Sicoumarol, generics) P.O.
• Thrombolytics:
• Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) (Activase) I.V.
• Streptokinase (Streptase) I.V., I.C.
• Warfarin antidotes:
• Vitamin K or phenytonadione (Aquamephyton; Mephyton) I.V., P.O.
• Heparin antidote:
• Protamine sulfate (generics) I.V., very slowly
• Local hemostatics:
• Epinephrine (Adrenalin);
  
• absorbable gelatin foam packs (Gelfoam);
  
• oxidized cellulose (Oxycel);
  
• oxidized regenerated cellulose (Nu-Knit);
  
• collagen hemostat (Avitene, Collacote, Collatape, Collaplug);
  
• thrombin (sterile);
  
• astringents (including aluminum chloride (Hemodent), aluminum sulfate (Gelcord), ferric sulfate (Hemodent-FS)
• Coagulation promoters (antifibrinolytics, indicated if there’s excessive bleeding)
• Aminocaproic acid (Amacar) – emergency use, usually after blood transfusion; not routine in dental surgery.
• Tranexamic acid – mouth rinse; P.O. for 2-8 days after surgery
  

Category: Pharmacology Notes