Hallmark Features

Characteristic

Albumino-Cytologic Dissociation

- Guillain-Barre (increased protein in CSF with only modest increase in cell count)

Ammonia smell to breath

- uremia

Antiplatelet Antibodies

- idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Arachnodactyly

- Marfan’s

Ascending weakness / paralysis

- Guillain-Barre syndrome

Aseptic necrosis

• "the bends"

• sickle cell anemia

Asterixis : flapping hand tremor

- Alcoholic cirrhosis

Autosplenectomy

- sickle cell anemia

Babinski

- UMN lesion

Bag of worms - scrotal sac

- Varicocoel

Barrel chest

- emphysemia

Bat Wing appearance on CXR

• Pulmonary edema

Bence Jones Protein : free light chains (either kappa or lambda)

- multiple myeloma

- Waldenstrom’s macroglobinemia

Bird's beak on barium swallow

- Achalasia

Bitter almonds (scent)

- Cyanide poisoning

Black eschars

- Anthrax

Black urine

- Alkaptonuria

Blue Bloater

- Chronic Bronchitis

Blue sclera

- osteogenesis imperfecta

Boot-Shaped Heart

- Tetralogy of Fallot

Bouchard’s Nodes

- osteoarthritis (PIP)

Boutonniere’s Deformity

- rheumatoid arthritis

BRCA1

- 70% risk of medullary CA of breast

Brittle bone disease

- osteogenesis imperfecta

Bronze diabetes

- Hemochromatosis

Brown Tumor : hemorrhage filled cysts

- hyperparathyroidism

Brushfield Spots

- Down’s

Buffalo hump

- Cushing's syndrome

Bulls eye lesion

- Lyme disease

Bull's neck lymphadenopathy : involving cervical lymph nodes

- Diptheria

Bunch of grapes

- Hydatiform mole

Butterfly rash

- Systemic lupus erythematosus

Café au lait spots

- Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's)

Cardiomegaly with Apical Atrophy

- Chagas’ Disease

Chancre [painless]

- 1° Syphilis (treponema pallidium)

Chancroid

- Haemophilus ducreyi

Charcot Triad : nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech

- multiple sclerosis

Cherry-red lips

• CO

Cherry-red spot in the macula

• Tay-Sachs

• Niemann-Pick

Cheyne-Stokes Breathing

- cerebral lesion

Chocolate brown blood

- methemogloinemia

Christmas tree pattern of skin lesions

- Pityriasis rosea

Chvostek’s Sign : facial spasm in tetany

- Hypocalcemia

Civatte bodies

• Psoriasis

Claw hand

• Scleraderma

• Lower truck injury (C8, T1); cervical rib

Codman’s Triangle

- osteosarcoma

Cold Agglutinins

- Mycoplasma pneumoniae

- infectious mononucleosis

Condyloma Lata

- 2° Syphilis

Cotton Wool Spots

- HTN

Currant-Jelly Sputum : containing clotted blood

- Klebsiella

Currant-Jelly Stool

- Intussusception

Curschmann’s Spirals : mucus plugs mixed w epithelium

- bronchial asthma

Depigmentation Of Substantia Nigra

- Parkinson’s

Deviated trachea

- contralateral pneumothorax

Double bubble on Abdominal film

- Duodenal atresia

Eburnation : polished, ivory-like appearance of bone

- osteoarthritis

Ectopia Lentis

- Marfan’s

Erythema Chronicum Migrans

- Lyme Disease

Fatty Liver

- Alcoholism

Fish-mouth vertebrae of lumbar spine on xray

- Sickle cell

Flask shaped ulcers

- Entameba histiolytica

Floppy baby

- Clostridium botulinum

Fruity odor to breath

- ketosis

Fungus ball in lung

- Aspergillus

Garlic (scent)

- Arsenic poisoning

Ghon Complex : caseating granuloma w hilar lymph node involvement

- Tuberculosis (1° & 2°, respectively)

Goiter : enlarged thyroid

- iodine deficiency

Gower’s Maneuver : use of arms to stand

- Duchenne’s MD

Gray baby syndrome

- chloramphenicol

Gummas : granuloma of rubbery consistency

• tertiary syphlis

Hamman crunch : crunching sounds on chest auscultation

• Air dissected into subcutaneous tissue; rib fx, ruptured esophagus

HCG

• Choriocarcinoma

• Hydatidiform mole

Heberden’s Nodes

- Osteoarthritis (DIP)

Hemorrhagic Urticaria

- Henoch-Schonlein

Heterophil Antibodies

- infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

Hyperpigmentation

- Addison's Disease (primary adrenal failure)

Infantile cataracts

• ruebella

• galactosemia

Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction :

- Syphilis over-aggressive treatment of an asymptomatic pt. that causes symptoms 2nd to rapid lysis

Kaussmaul Breathing

- acidosis

Ketoacidosis

- IDDM; type I diabetes

Keyser-Fleischer Ring

- Wilson’s disease

Koilonychia : spoon nails

• iron deficiency anemia

• Plummer-Vinson syndrome

• hemochromatosis

Koplik Spots : blue-gray spots on buccal mucosa

- measles

Krukenberg tumor

- Stomach cancer metastasis to ovaries bilaterally

Lead Pipe sign on X-ray

- Ulcerative colitis

Leg ulcers

- Sickle cell anemia

Lemon yellow skin color

- Pernicious anemia

Linitis plastica

- thickened stomach wall due to diffuse infiltration by cancer cells

Lisch Nodules

- neurofibromatosis (von Recklinhausen’s disease)

Malar rash

- SLE

McBurney’s Sign

- appendicitis (McBurney’s Point is 2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to anterior superior iliac spine)

Monday disease : tachycardia, hypotension, HA

- industrial exposure with tolerance to nitrates

Monoclonal Antibody Spike

- multiple myeloma this is called the M protein (usually IgG or IgA)

• MGUS

• Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia

Munro abscesses

- Psorie

Musty [mousy] body odor

- PKU

Myxedema

- hypothyroidism

Non-pitting Edema

- Myxedema

- Anthrax Toxin

Notching of Ribs on CXR

- Coarctation of Aorta

Olive

- palpable mass due to congenital pyloric stenosis

Painless Jaundice

- pancreatic CA (head)

Pannus

- rheumatoid arthritis

Pautrier’s Microabscesses

- mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma)

Philadelphia Chromosome

- CML

- ALL

Pill rolling tremor

- Parkinson's

Pink eye

- Adenovirus

Pink Puffer

- Emphysema Centroacinar – smoking Panacinar - 1-antitrypsin deficiency

Podagra

- gout (MP joint of hallux)

Porcelain Gallbladder on x-ray : dystrophic calcification

- Chronic cholecystitis

Port-Wine Stain

- Hemangioma

Posterior Anterior Drawer Sign

- tearing of the ACL

PSA

- Adenocarcinoma of the prostate

Pseudohypertrophy

- Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Pseudomembranous colitis

- C. difficile; also shigellosis, EHEC, ischemic bowel disease

Pseudomembranous pharyngitis

- Corynebacterium diptheriae

Punched-Out Bone Lesions

- multiple myeloma

Purple striae

- Cushing's syndrome

Putrid breath

- lung abscess

Rash on Palms & Soles

- 2Syphilis

- RMSF

Red diaper

- serratia marccescens UTI

Red Morning Urine

- paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Rice-water stool

- vibrio cholera infection

Rose spots [rash]

- typhoid fever

Russell bodies : bright red globules of immunoglobulin in cytoplasm of plasma cells

- Multiple myeloma

S3 Heart Sound

- LR Shunt (VSD, PDA)

- MV/TV Regurg (dilated ventricles stretches valve ring)

- LV Failure (LVEDV)

S4 Heart Sound

- LVH/RVH (resistence to filling)

- Pulmonary Stenosis

- Pulmonary HTN

Schwartzman Reaction : impressive rash with bugs

- Neisseria meningitidis

Shield chest : widely spaced niples

- Turner's syndrome

Shuffling gait

- Parkinson's

Simian Crease

- Down’s

Slapped cheek rash

- Parvovirus B19

Smith Antigen

- SLE (also anti-dsDNA)

Snowstorm appearance on pelvic US

- Hydatiform mole

Soap Bubble on X-Ray

- giant cell tumor of bone

Strawberry Gallbladder : CH ladden macrophages

- Cholesterolosis; no clinical significance

String Sign on X-ray

- Crohn’s bowel wall thickening

Sulfur granules in draining sinuses from jaw

- Actinomycosis [A. israelii]

Tendinous Xanthomas

- Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Thumb print sign on barium enema

- ischemic bowel

Thumb print sign on neck xray

- swollen epiglottis

Thumb sign : thumb protrudes over clenched fist

- Marfan syndrome

Thyroidization of Kidney

- chronic pyelonephritis

Tophi

- gout

Trousseau’s Sign : migratory thrombophlebitis

- visceral ca, classically pancreatic

- hypocalcemia (carpal spasm)

These are two entirely different disease processes and different signs, but they unfortunately have the same name.

Uric Acid

- Gout

- Lesch Nyhan

- Myeloproliferative Disorders

- Diuretics (Loop & Thiazides)

Virchow’s Node

- supraclavicular node enlargement by metastatic carcinoma of the stomach

Waiter's tip : arm is extended, adducted, internally rotated

- Upper trunk injury (C5, C6)

Webbed neck

- Turner's syndrome

White reflex

- retinoblastoma

Winged scapula

- Long thoracic n. damage; trauma to chest wall

Wrist drop

- Radial n. damage; fall on shoulder, birth injury