Mechanisms of genetic change in bacteria
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1 mutation of existing DNA
2 acquisition of new DNA
both of these have very important clinical significance
mutations
base-pair changes occur spontaneously with a frequency of about 1 in every 108 bases replicated
a single base-pair change can confer a dramatic phenotype, such as antibiotic resistance
in a population of 109 bacteria, 1 to 10 cells may potentially be resistant to an antibiotic
in a patient with advanced tuberculosis, the number of bacteria in the patient’s lungs can reach or exceed 1010 bacteria. so, even before the patient is given antibiotic, there can be 10 or 100 bacteria resistant to the drug being used
Category: Microbiology Notes
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