Macrocytic Anemia

1. characterized by hypersegmented neutrophils

2. due to a deficiency of either vitamin B12 or folic acid (or both) due either to inadequate intake or insufficient absorption.

3. Folate deficiency normally does not produce neurological symptoms, while B12 deficiency does.

4. Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune condition where the body lacks intrinsic factor, required to absorb vitamin B12 from food.

5. Alcoholism causes macrocytic anemia.

6. Drugs that inhibit DNA replication, such as methotrexate, can also cause macrocytic anemia. This is the most common etiology in nonalcoholic patients.
   
   
   

2. Liver disease (cirrhosis)

1. excess lipids are added to the RBC membrane

2. hyperslenism occurs

3. spur cells present (reticuloendothelial system “bite” the RBCs)

Dimorphic Anemia

Definition = 2 types of anemia simultaneously,

1. Macrocytic Hypochromic

   • due to hookworm infestation (Diphyllobothrium latum) leading to deficiency of both iron and vitamin B12 or folic acid or following a blood transfusion.

Category: Pathology Notes