Most Common…

Addison’s

Autoimmune (2nd – infection)

AMI - children

Kawasaki disease

Aneurysm

Abdominal aorta

Aneurysm of Circle of Willis

Anterior communicating a.; bitemporal hemianopsia

AV fistula

Penetrating knife wound.

Blindness

Diabetic retinopathy

Blindness - preventable

Chlamydia

Breast Mass

Fibrocystic Change

Carcinoma is the most common is post-menopausal women

Bug in Acute Endocarditis

Staph aureus

Bug in Bacterial Arthritis in young Adults

Neisseria gonorrhea

Bug in Bacterial Meningitis – elderly

Strep pneumoniae

Bug in Bacterial Meningitis – newborns

E. coli

Bug in Bacterial Meningitis – toddlers

Hib

Bug in Bacterial Meningitis – young adults

Neisseria meningitidis

Bug in debilitated, hospitalized pneumonia pt

Klebsiella

Bug in Epiglottitis

Hib

Bug in food poisoning

Staph aureus

Bug in GI Tract

Bacteroides 2. E. coli

Bug in IV drug user bacteremia / pneumonia

Staph aureus

Bug in opportunistic infection of AIDS

CMV ( Pneumocystis carinii is most common overall)

Bug in PID

N. Gonnorrhoeae or Chlamydia

Bug in Pneumonia - Community - typical

Strep pneumoniae 2. H. influenza 3. Klebsiella

Bug in Pneumonia - Hospital acquired

Klebsiella 2. Pseudomonas 3. E. coli

Bug in Pneumonia - Community - atypical

Mycoplasma 2. Legionella

Bug in Sub acute Endocarditis

Strep Viridans

Cancer - Leukemia - <14>

ALL

Cancer - Leukemia - >60 yo

CLL

Cancer - Leukemia - 15 -39 yo

AML

Cancer - Leukemia - 40 -60 yo

CML

Cancer in Gynecologic - malignancy

Endometrial Carcinoma

Cancer in Infancy

Hemangioma

Cancer in Kids

Leukemia 2. Medulloblastoma of brain, cerebellum

Cancer in Men

Prostate CA

Cancer in Women

Leiomyoma aka fibroids

Cancer in Women - malignant

Breast CA

Cancer of the Adrenal Medulla– adults

Pheochromocytoma

Cancer of the Adrenal Medulla– kids

Neuroblastoma

Cancer of the Appendix

Carcinoid - rare metastasis

Cancer of the Bone

Metastases from Breast & Prostate

Cancer of the Bone - primary - adults

Multiple Myeloma

Cancer of the Brain– Child

Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

Cancer of the Brain–Adult

Astrocytoma (including Glioblastoma Multiforme) then: Mets, meningioma, Schwannoma

Cancer of the Breast

Infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma

Cancer of the Connective Tissue -benign

Lipoma

Cancer of the Esophagus

Leiomyoma

Cancer of the Esophagus

SCCA

Cancer of the Esophagus - malignant

SCC (60%) > adenocarcinoma (40%)

Cancer of the Heart - adults

Metastases

Cancer of the Heart - Primary– adults

Myxoma “Ball Valve”

Cancer of the Heart - Primary– kids

Rhabdomyoma

Cancer of the Liver

Metastasis; lung > GI

Cancer of the Liver - benign

Cavernous Hemangioma

Cancer of the liver - Primary

Hepatocellular CA

Cancer of the liver - Primary, benign

Cavernous Hemangioma

Cancer of the Mouth

SCC or Mucoepidermoid CA

Cancer of the Mouth - upper lip

Basal Cell CA

Cancer of the Nasal cavities

SCC

Cancer of the Ovary - benign

Serous cystadenoma

Cancer of the Ovary - malignant

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

Cancer of the Pancreas

Adenocarcinoma (usually in the head)

Cancer of the Pituitary

Prolactinoma (2nd – Somatotrophic “Acidophilic” Adenoma)

Cancer of the Placenta - benign

Cavernous hemangioma

Cancer of the Salivary Glands

Pleiomorphic Adenoma

Cancer of the Skin

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Cancer of the Small Bowel

Carcinoid - frequent metastasis from ileum

Cancer of the Spleen - benign

Cavernous hemangioma

Cancer of the Stomach

Gastric Adenocarcinoma; intestinal type or diffuse type

Cancer of the Testicles

Seminoma

Cancer of the Thyroid

Papillary Carcinoma

Cancer that invades the Female GU tract

Endometrial Adenocarcinoma

Cancer; malignant lymphoma in kids

Burkitt's lymphoma

Cancer; Site of metastasis

Regional Lymph Nodes

Cancer; Site of metastasis (2nd most common)

Liver

Cancer; Genetic Alteration

p53

Cardiomyopathy

Dilated (Congestive) Cardiomyopathy

Carpal bone dislocation

Lunate

Carpal bone fx

Scaphoid

Chromosomal disorder

Down’s

Cirrhosis

Alcohol

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

21-Hydroxylase Deficiency then, 11-

Congenital cardiac anomaly

VSD membranous > muscular

Congenital early cyanosis

Tetralogy of Fallot

Congenital GI anomaly

Meckel's diverticulum

Coronary Artery thrombosis

LAD

Cushings

Exogenous Steroid Therapy (then, primary ACTH, Adrenal Adenoma, Ectopic ACTH)

Death in Alzheimer pts

Pneumonia

Death in Diabetics

MI

Death in HTN

AMI 2. Lenticulostriate stroke 3. renal failure (benign nephrosclerosis)

Death in SLE pts.

Lupus Nephropathy Type IV (Diffuse Proliferative)

Death in USA

Ischemic Heart Disease

Dementia

Alzheimer’s 2. Multi-Infarct Dementia

Demyelinating Disease

Multiple Sclerosis

Diarrhea - children

Rotavirus

Dietary Deficiency

Iron

Disk herniation

L4-L5

End-stage Renal Disease

Diabetes

Enzyme deficiency

21 hydroxylase - 95% of CAH

Fatal genetic defect in Caucasians

Cystic Fibrosis

Form of Amyloidosis

Immunologic Bence Jones protein in multiple myeloma is also called the Amyloid Light Chain

Form of Tularemia

Ulceroglandular

GI obstruction

Adhesions 2. Indirect inguinal hernia

Glomerulonephritis

IgA nephropathy aka Berger's

Heart Murmur

Mitral Valve Prolapse

Heart Valve in bacterial Endocarditis

Mitral

Heart Valve in bacterial Endocarditis in IV drug users

Tricuspid

Heart Valve involved in Rheumatic Fever

Mitral > Aortic

Hereditary Bleeding Disorder

Von Willebrandt’s Disease

Hernia

Indirect

Hypercalcemia

hyperparathyroidism

Hyperparathyroidism - Primary

Adenomas (followed by: hyperplasia, then carcinoma)

Hyperparathyroidism - Secondary

Hypocalcemia of Chronic Renal Failure

Hypertension

Essential (95%) 2. Renal disease

Hypertension - children

Renal disease; cystic disease, Wilm's tumor

Hypertension - young women

Oral contraceptives

Hyperthyroidism

Graves' Disease

Hypopituitarism - adults

Nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma

Hypopituitarism - kids

Craniopharyngioma

Hypothyroidism

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Intussusception

terminal ileum into coecum

Liver Disease

Alcoholic Liver Disease

Liver infection

Viral Hepatitis - HVA

Location of Adult brain tumors

Above Tentorium

Location of Childhood brain tumors

Below Tentorium

Lysosomal Storage Disease

Gaucher’s

Mental retardation

Down’s or Fragile X , Fetal alcohol syndrome

Motor Neuron Disease

ALS

Myocarditis

Coxsackie B virus

Nephrotic Syndrome - adults

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

Nephrotic Syndrome - kids

Minimal Change Disease

Opportunistic infection in AIDS

PCP

Peripheral Neuropathy

Diabetes

Portal Hypertension

Cirrhosis

Protozoal Diarrhea

Giardia

Pulmonary HTN

COPD

Renal Failure

Acute tubular necrosis

Right Heart Failure

Left heart failure

Secondary Hypertension

Renal disease

Sexually transmitted disease

Chlamydia

SIADH

Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung

Single Gene Disorder

Thalassemia

Site of Diverticula

Sigmoid Colon

Sites of atherosclerosis

Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid

Surgical Emergency

Acute Appendicitis

Thyroid disease

Goiter

Tracheoesophageal Fistula

Lower esophagus : trachea / Upper esophagus : blind pouch

Type of Hodgkin’s

Mixed Cellularity versus: lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion, nodular sclerosis

Type of Non-Hodgkin’s

Follicular, small cleaved

Vasculitis (of medium & small arteries)

Temporal Arteritis

Viral Encephalitis

HSV

Worm infection in US

Pinworm 2. Ascaris