Sedative - Hypnotics: Barbiturates

Barbiturates were the most commonly prescribed hypnotic agents until the introduction of the sedating-hypnotic benzodiazepines in the 1960s. Common agents were Phenobarbital, Pehtobarbital (Nembutal), and Secobarbital (Seconal). The barbiturates are controlled substances because of the disadvantages associated with their use, including high abuse potential, addiction and physical dependance, tolerance, and daytime drowsiness. Usually drugs with hepatic effects will inhibit the p-450 enzyme, but the barbiturates INDUCE the p-450 enzyme. Alcohol markedly potentiates CNS depressant actions; port wine is a good sedative “Brandy would work too.” The barbiturates are DEA controlled substances (schedule II or III).



Sedating antidepressants such as TCAs can be used for chronic facial pain, and have also been prescribed for insomnia, but with the following side effects: orthostatic hypotension, dedation, and anticholenergic effects (dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, prostatic problems).

Category: Pharmacology Notes