Pediatrics - Hematology

a. A child aged two years presents with anemia. Peripheral smear shows target cells and hypochromic/microcytic picture with Hb of 6gm. There is a positive family history. The next investigation of choice is:
Hb electrophoresis.

b. Feature of Fetal RBC is:
Alkali denaturation resistance.

c. As per WHO for infants less than 6 months, the Hb cut off level for anemia is:
11.5gm/L

d. What percentage of children between 6-23 months suffer from anemia in Nepal?
20%

e. What is the commonest cause of anemia in Nepal?
Nutritional anemia

f. What is the dose of oral iron to treat iron deficiency?
6mg/kg of elemental iron.

g. What are the three causes of hypochromic microcytic anemia?
Iron deficiency/ thalassaemia/ lead poisoning.

h. What are three causes of normochromic anemia with low reticulocyte count?
Leukemia/chronic infection/pure RBC anemia.

i. What further two test you will do for a child having normochromic anemia with high reticulocyte count?
Coombs test and hemoglobin electrophoresis.

j. What is the most likely diagnosis of a child whose total count is 2,500/cmm, platelet 60,000/cmm, RBC:200,000/cmm and no lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly?
Aplastic anemia.

k. What is the most likely diagnosis for a child with anemia, uremia, thrombocytopenia and raised FDP?
Hemolytic uremic syndrome.

l. What two investigations is done for bleeding disorders?
Bleeding time and clotting time.

m. What three tests are performed for vascular and platelet defects?
Platelet count/ Hess test/ bleeding time.

n. What three tests are assessed for diagnosing coagulation defect?
APTT/PT/Thrombin time.

o. Tell three clinical signs that differentiates platelet or vascular defects from coagulation defects?
Superficial and deep hemorrhages/ superficial bleeding arrested by pressure/ spontaneous bleeding are small and multiple.

p. Tell five causes of purpura?
ITP/leukemia/HSP/aplastic anemia/drugs/SLE/sepsis.

q. What is the desired rise of a coagulation factor required for the control of bleeding in a hemophilic child with single hemarthrosis?
30%.

r. Tell three complications of transfusion reaction?
Febrile reaction/allergic reaction/circulatory over load/ Hemolysis.



Tags: ITP, leukemia, HSP, aplastic, anemia, drugs, SLE, sepsis.

Category: Pediatrics Notes