Paediatrics - Nutritional
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Kwashiorkor
b. A child with alopecia, eczematous lesion over mouth and genitalia and hypogonadism is likely to have suffered from:Zn deficiency.
c. The characteristic three radiological feature of rickets is:Cupping, fraying and widening of epiphysis.
d. what is the calorie requirement for a severely malnourished child?200 cal/kg/day and 10% of total calories should come from proteins of higher biological values.
e. What are the percentage of calorie from diet in balance diet?15% from protein; 50% from carbohydrate and 35% from fat.
f. How breast feeding offers lower risk of infection?Because of presence of secretary IgA; lysozyme; lactoferin; low pH, bifidous factor and viable phagocytic macrophages.
g. What are iron dependent enzymes?Catalase and cytochrome C.
h. Which vitamins are synthesized in the intestine?
q. What are C/F of Niacin deficiency?
vitK; Pantothenic acid; biotin.
i. What is the chief protein of milk?It is casein.
i. Human milk contains which nutrients in greater amount than cow’s milk?Linoleic acid; oleic acid; more sugar (lactose)
j. What are the characteristics of the stool of an exclusive breast bed baby?Low pH; golden colour and acidic reaction.
j. What is the characteristics of colostrums?Deep yellow with alkaline reaction, 10-40 ml/day, high protein/VitA/Na and Cl, contains antibodies (IgA/IgG/IgM).
k. what are the advantages of breast feeding in later life of the child?Protection against obesity, demyelinating disease, atherosclerosis, and diabetes mellitus.
l. What is marasmus?Deficient of energy; body weight less than 60% of expected weight.
m. What is the dose of vitamin A for measles?2 lakh unit orally each day for 2 days.
n. what are the important signs of hypervitaminosis A?pseudotumour cerebri ( papilloedema, raised fontanel, and cranial nerve palsy); hyperostosis and hypercalcaemia.
o. What are the C/F of thiamine deficiency?Dry beri beri (nervous system affected) wet beri beri (cardiovascular system affected) and infantile beri beri (infantile tremor).
p. What are C/F of riboflavin deficiency?Glossitis/ cheliosis/scaly dermatitis/keratitis.
q. What are C/F of Niacin deficiency?
Diarrhoea/ dermatitis/dementia/red swollen tongue.
r. What are C/F of pyridoxine deficiency?Hyperirritability/ hyperacusis/ hypochromic anemia/ convulsion in infancy.
s. What are C/F of vitamin C deficiency?Pseudoparalysis/ subperiosteal he/ gingival hyperplasia/ scorbutic rosary/ follicular hyperkeratosis.
t. What are C/F of vitamin D deficiency?Craniotabes/ frontal bossing/ ricketic rosary/ Harrison groove/ delayed eruption of tooth/ pot belly/ widening of epiphysis of long bone.
u. What percentage of children under 5 are stunted in Nepal?It is more than 50% (54% based on 1998 NepalMicronutrientStatusSurvey)
v. At what age there is greatest risk of PEM?6-18 months.
w. How will you classify a child whose weight is 60-80% and oedema present?Kwashiorkor.
x. How will you classify a child whose weight is less than 60 and oedema present?Marasmic Kwashiorkor.
y. Tell three indication for admission of a malnourished child.Weight deficit of less than 70% of weight for height or <60%>z.
Tell three causes of death in malnutrition.
Tell three causes of death in malnutrition.
Hypothermia/hypoglycemia/dehydration and dyselectrolytemia.
a. which fluid will you use to treat dehydration in malnutrition?Resomal which contains low sodium and added zinc
Tags: kwashiorkar, marasmus, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, pediatrics
Category: Pediatrics Notes
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