Bones

A. Bone - A specialized connective tissue made rigid by the addition of inorganic salts

1. Functions

· protection - skull and vertebral column protect the brain and spinal cord; ribs protect thoracic and upper abdominal organs

· support - provides support and erect posture

· movement - provides attachment for muscles; allows erect posture

· storage site for calcium (Ca++)

· houses blood forming cells

2. Types of bones

1. long bones - bones whose lengths are greater than their breadths; found in the extremities

· diaphysis - shaft

· metaphysis - part of diaphysis nearest 2° ossification center

· epiphysis - secondary ossification center at the ends of bone

2. short bones - roughly cuboidal in shape with four surfaces for articulation; the carpal bones of the hand and tarsal bones of the foot

3. flat bones - bone is mostly flat; calvaria of the skull, sternum, scapula

4. irregular bones - inominate bones, facial bones, vertebrae

5. sesamoid - bones which develop within a tendon; patella, pisiform, fabella

3. Named markings

1. lines, ridges, or crests
2. rounded elevations
1. tuberosity; trochanter - large, rounded
2. tubercle - small
3. protuberance - swelling
4. malleolus - mallet-like
3. spines or processes - sharp elevations
4. fossae, notches, grooves - depressions along bones
5. foramina - holes in bones
6. canals - tunnels in bones
7. meatuses - canals which do not go clear through a bone
8. heads; condyles - articular ends of bone
9. epicondyles - elevations just proximal to Condyles

Category: Anatomy Notes