Identification of sex from bones:

General characters:

• The bones are heavier, bigger and stouter.

• Muscular ridges, depressions, and processes are more prominent.

• Shafts of the long bones are relatively rough.

• The bones are lighter, smaller and slender.

• Less prominent.

• Shafts are smooth.

Skull:

• Prominent parietal eminences.

• Prominent superciliary ridges.

• Angular frontonasal junction.

• Orbits are square with thick rounded margins

• Long and narrow occipital condyles.

• Long and big mastoid processes.

• Smooth.

• Less marked.

• Smoothly arched.

• Orbits are rounded with thin sharp margins

• Short and broad.

• Short and small.

Mandible

• More massive, U shaped.

• Chin is square.

• Ramus is more broad.

• Angle region is everted.

• Less massive, V shaped.

• Pointed or rounded.

• Less broad.

• Not everted.

Sternum

• Longer and broader.

• Length of the body is more than double the length of the manubrium

• The upper border of sternum is on level with the lower part of the body of 2nd thoracic vertebra.

• Shorter and narrower.

• Less than double the length of the manubrium

• The upper border of sternum is on level with lower part of body of 3^rd thoracic vertebra.

Pelvis:

• Deep and narrow, with straight walls

• Shallow and wide, its walls turned outwards.

Hip bone:

• Highly arched iliac crest which forms a big part of a small circle.

• Narrow pubic arch, forms acute angle.

• Body of the pubic bone is small & triangular

• Narrow great sciatic notch & deep.

• Sharp and well defined ilio-pectineal line.

• Ill defined or absent preauricular sulcus.

• Oval obturator foramen.

• Acetabulum is deep & looks laterally

• Less curved iliac crest, forming a small part of a big circle.

• Wide pubic arch, forms obtuse angle.

• Large & square

• Wide & shallow.

• Smooth and ill defined.

• Well defined especially in multipara.

• Triangular.

• Wide & looks laterally and forwards

Sacrum:

• Long & narrow with a homogeneous curve and projecting sacra! promontory.

• Articulating surface with illium extends to third sacral segment.

• Short and wide, curved only in its lower part.

• Extends only to second sacral segment.