Upper GI Diseases 2
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PANCREATITIS
Coxsackie, mumps, ECHO and hepatitis viruses as well as hypothermia can cause acute pancreatitis.
The following are poor prognostic indicators in acute pancreatitis:
- Calcium <> 15
- Urea >16
- ALT >200
- PaO2 <8>
- Age > 55 years
- Glucose > 10
Chronic Pancreatitis
- Cullen's sign (periumbilical discolouration) can be present
- Grey Turner's sign (flank discoloration) can be present
- Purtscher's retinopathy (ischaemic areas in the retina) can be present
lack of digestive enzymes leads to steatorrhoea In chronic pancreatitis,
trypsin secretion is reduced. Trypsin is required in the processing of dietary B12 which enables absorption and hence B12 deficiency is the most likely.
Causes of a raised amylase are:
acute/chronic pancreatitis pancreatic cysts and carcinoma
perforated duodenal ulcer
ovarian carcinoma
ectopic pregnancy
gallstones
salivary tumour
adenitis
mumps
diabetic ketoacidosis
anorexia
Tags: pancreas, pancreatitis, amylase, pregnancy
Category: Gastroenterology Notes
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