Contraception

1. Male Contraception
   

1. Vasectomy - the vas Deferens is cut and tied so that, sperm cannot proceed
2. Condom - prevents sperm from entering the vagina; can prevent STD transmission
3. Drugs - some drugs for men may be on the market soon
4. Coitus interuptus - penis removed before ejaculation
   

2. Female Contraception
   

• Birth control pill - small amounts of estrogens (estradiol, estrone, or estriol) and progestins (progesterone analogues) given on days 1-23 of ovarian-menstrual cycle
• Mimicry - the hormones "mimic" the pregnant state, fooling the ovaries so that ovulation is discontinued, eggs not released
• Side effects - nausea, hypertension, depression in some women; research is conflicting on effects on breast/uterine cancers
• Norplant - small stick placed under the skin that slowly releases progesterone
• Intrauterine device (IUD) - placed in uterus, blocks implantation of fertilized egg; serious problems in past with bleeding and infections
• Tubal ligation - uterine tubes "tied off" to prevent eggs an sperm from fertilizing
• Diethylstilbestrol (DES) - morning after pill; prevents implantation of egg
• RU-486 (mifepristone) - blocks the action of progesterone on a pregnant uterus; used with prostaglandin, fetus is expelled in time
  
• Inhibin - blocks anterior pituitary release of FSH
• Anti-HCG vaccine - blocks Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
  

Most Effective Contraceptive: ABSTINENCE !!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Category: Gynecology Notes